수동태

수동태는 주어가 목적어에게 어던 동작을 받는(당하는) 형식을 말합니다.

3형식 수동태

[능동태] The architect designed this house. (그 건축가가 이 집을 설계했다.)
[수동태] The house is designed by the architect. (이 집은 그 건축가에게 설계되었다.)

[능동태] He brings up two daughters. (그는 딸 둘을 키운다.)
[수동태] Two doughters are brought up by him. (두 딸은 그에게 양육되고 있다.)

[능동태] Someone stole my ring. (누군가 내 반지를 훔쳤다.)
[수동태] My ring was stolen (by someone). (내 반지는 누군가에의해 훔쳐졌다.)

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4형식 수동태

[능동태] Jake teaches them archaeology. (제이크는 그들에게 고고학을 가르친다.)
[IO가 주어인 수동태] They are taught archaeology by jake. 
[DO가 주어인 수동태] Archaeology are taught to them by jake. 

[능동태] My mom bought me a bike. (엄마는 내게 자전거를 사주셨다.)
[IO가 주어인 수동태] (X) 의미가 어색해짐
[DO가 주어인 수동태] A bike was bought for me (by my mom). 

[능동태] Sarah asked him a question. (사라는 그에게 질문을 했다.)
[IO가 주어인 수동태] He was asked a question by Sarah.
[DO가 주어인 수동태] A question was asked of him by Sarah.

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5형식 수동태

[능동태] He left me alone in the square. (그는 나를 혼자 광장에 두었다.)
[수동태] I was left alone in the square by him.

[능동태] People consider her an expert on agriculture. (사람들은 그녀를 농업 전문가로 여긴다.)
[수동태] She is considered an expert on agriculture (by people). 

[능동태] The instructor kept us running. (그 교관은 우리를 계속 달리게 했다.)
[수동태] We were kept running by the instructor.

[능동태] The burglar pushed him to open the safe. (그 도둑은 그에게 금고를 열도록 강요했다.)
[수동태] He was pushed to open the safe by the burglar.

* (준)사역동사의 수동태는 보어(c)가 올 때 반드시 to V, V ing 형태여야 한다.

[능동태] He made me choose the bag. (그는 내게 그 가방을 고르게 만들었다.)
[수동태] I was made to choose the bag by him.

[능동태] She helped us cure the animal. (그녀는 우리가 그 동물을 치료하는 것에 도움을 줬다.)
[수동태] We were helped to cure the animal (by her).

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그 밖의 수동태

조동사

[능동태] They can eliminate the nuclear weapons at any time. (그들은 그 핵무기들을 언제든지 제거할 수 있다.)
[수동태] The nuclear weapons can be eliminated at any time (by them).

진행형

[능동태] The tornado is blowing away lots of houses. (토네이도가 많은 집들을 날려버리고 있는 중이다.)
[수동태] Lots of houses are being blown away by the tornado.

부정문

[능동태] The voters didn't choose the candidate. (유권자들은 그 후보를 선택하지 않았다.)
[수동태] The candidate wasn't chosen by the voters.

완료문

[능동태] Some boys have scratched the car. (몇 명의 소년들이 그 차를 긁어놨다.)
[수동태] The car has been scratched by some boys.

준동사구

* V ing (-> being p.p)
1. He went to the wedding without being invited. (그는 초대받지 않은 채 결혼식에 갔다.)
2.  I don't like being ordered around by anyone. (나는 누구에게도 명령받는 걸 좋아하지 않는다.)

* to V (-> to be p.p)
1. All of these clothes are to be cleaned. (모든 옷들이 세탁되어야 한다.)
2. There is a problem to be solved. (해결되어야 할 문제가 있다.)